2015年尼泊尔强震序列对中国大陆的应力影响   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

万永革  盛书中  李祥  崔华伟  高熹微  沈正康 《地球物理学报》2015,58(11):4277-4286

基于2015年尼泊尔地震序列的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,计算了该地震序列传递到中国西藏境内发生在定日县地震和聂拉木县地震的应力.2015年尼泊尔地震序列导致定日县地震和聂拉木地震节面和滑动方向的库仑应力增加(2~3)×103 Pa和(2.4~3.1)×105 Pa,表明这两个地震受到尼泊尔地震序列的触发.其次,我们计算了2015年尼泊尔地震序列在中国大陆及其附近主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化.喜马拉雅主山前逆冲断裂和青藏高原内部的拉张正断层上的库仑应力有较大的增加,而青藏高原的走滑断裂,如阿尔金断裂、东昆仑断裂、玉树玛曲断裂、班公错断裂西部、嘉黎断裂的库仑应力有较大的降低.天山南北两侧的断裂库仑应力降低.而华北及东北、华南地区的库仑应力变化几乎可以忽略不计.最后,计算了该地震序列造成的水平应力变化.水平面应力在2015年尼泊尔地震序列北向(青藏高原大部和新疆区域)增加(拉张),而在地震序列东侧的西藏南部和川滇地区南部降低(压缩),在华北和东北仅有少许增加,在华南地区有少许降低.在中国西部,主压应力表现为以2015年地震序列为圆心的向外辐射状,而主张应力方向与同心圆切线方向大体一致.水平主压应力方向在东北地区为北东向,在华北地区为北东东向,在华南地区为南东东向.这种模式与现今构造应力场方向相似,表现了2015尼泊尔地震序列所代表的印度板块和欧亚板块的碰撞是中国大陆构造变形的主要动力来源.  相似文献   

Failure time variation derived from R-S relation： the role of the static stress perturbation     

Qiu Zhong  Wenhao Shen  Baoping Shi 《地震学报(英文版)》2014,(1):37-46

In general, earthquake cycle related to earthquake faulting could include four major processes which could be described by(1) fault locking,(2) self-acceleration or nucleation(possible foreshocks),(3) coseismic slip, and(4) post-stress relaxation and afterslip. A sudden static stress change/perturbation in the surrounding crust can advance/ delay the fault instability or failure time and modify earthquake rates. Based on a simple one-dimensional spring-slider block model with the combination of rate-and-statedependent friction relation, in this study, we have approximately derived the simple analytical solutions of clock advance/delay of fault failures caused by a sudden static Coulomb stress change applied in the different temporal evolution periods during an earthquake faulting. The results have been used in the physics-based explanation of delayed characteristic earthquake in Parkfield region, California, in which the next characteristic earthquake of M 6.0 after 1966 occurred in 2004 instead of around 1988 according to its characteristic return period of 22 years. At the same time, the analytical solutions also indicate that the time advance/ delay in Coulomb stress change derived by the dislocation model has a certain limitation and fundamental flaw. Furthermore, we discussed the essential difference between rate- and state-variable constitutive(R–S) model and Coulomb stress model used commonly in current earthquake triggering study, and demonstrated that, in fact, the Coulomb stress model could be involved in the R–S model. The results, we have obtained in this study, could be used in the development of time-dependent fault interaction model and the probability calculation related to the time-dependent and renewal earthquake prediction model.  相似文献   

新疆喀什-乌恰交汇区地震活动潮汐触发的统计检验     

李金 《中国地震研究》2014,(4):491-501

A statistical analysis on earthquake activity in the Kashi-Wuqia intersection area triggered by earth tide is done by Schuster＇s test and the Permutation test on daily and monthly scales. The north-south, east-west component of the tidal force and tidal body stress are chosen as the tidal curve in the daily scale. The results show that most of the earthquakes occurred near the maximum 0° of the three kinds of tidal curves, the predominant tidal phases of the earthquake are - 5. 86°, 6. 60° and - 15. 52°, and the frequency of the earthquakes increases with the increase of the tide; with three kinds of tidal curves （the north-south, east-west component of the tidal force and tidal body stress ）, the Ps of Schuster＇s test for all the earthquakes is 10. 52 %, 2. 40 % and 2. 06 %, and the pp of the Permutation test is 10. 90%, 2. 40% and 2. 06%, and the results ofps andpp based on the east-west component of the tidal force and tidal body stress are below the threshold of 0. 05 that tidal triggering of earthquakes. In the monthly scale, both the Ps and pp are very low （ close to 0 ）, far below the threshold of 0. 05 of tidal triggering of earthquakes, and the predominant tidal phase for earthquake triggering is - 18. 95°, close to the maximum 0° （ new moon and full moon） of the earth tide in monthly scale. Regarding the statistical test result of tidal triggering of earthquakes, a preliminary explanation is given as to why the trigger effect in the east-west direction is greater than that in north-south direction.  相似文献   

近期天山地震带地震活动固体潮调制的统计分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李金  蒋海昆  黄瑜  曲均浩  高朝军 《地震》2014,34(2):35-44

利用Schuster检验方法, 以潮汐体应力为计算量, 采用2010年1月1日至2012年8月31日天山中东段M_L≥2.0的地震数据, 对天山地震带地震活动受固体潮触发情况从时、 空两方面进行统计分析。 研究结果显示, Schuster检验p值时间窗平滑结果与天山地震带较强地震的发生对应较好, 尤其是2011年11月1日尼勒克6.0级地震之前很长一段时间, Schuster检验p值时间窗平滑结果一直低于潮汐触发地震的阈值0.05, 而尼勒克6.0级地震发生后, 该值迅速恢复到较高水平, 反应了此次地震的发生与固体潮的密切关系; 从Schuster检验p值空间窗平滑结果看, 尼勒克6.0级地震也处于或接近潮汐调制触发地区。 因而, 从时、 空两方面的检验结果看, 尼勒克6.0级地震的发生受固体潮调制明显。  相似文献   

青藏高原东部及邻区地震断层面上的潮汐应力触发效应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙长青  阎春恒  吴小平  许亚吉 《地球物理学报》2014,57(7):2054-2064

根据已发布震源机制解目录（哈佛大学CMT）,将青藏高原东部及邻区划分为5个构造应力场分区,并对各分区的地震逐个计算其发震断层面上的固体潮汐正应力、剪应力、库仑破裂应力及相位角,分析潮汐应力分量对不同类型发震断层的作用效果及其随深度变化特征.基于库仑破裂应力判断准则,研究潮汐应力对各种类型地震的触发作用;基于Schuster检验方法,统计分析潮汐应力对各个震级档、不同构造类型地震的影响.综合运用上述两种分析方法,探讨潮汐应力对不同震级地震以及处于不同构造块体、发震断层、震源深度地震的触发机制.结果表明,潮汐应力对印度块体和拉萨块体的正断和逆断型地震,滇缅泰块体、印支块体和松潘-甘孜块体的走滑和斜滑型地震,川滇菱形块体的斜滑型地震均存在不同程度的触发效应,且触发效应的强弱依赖于震源深度、震级大小、发震断层类型及其所处区域构造应力场.  相似文献   

2010年智利8.8级地震在北京房山岩体附近的动态触发活动          下载免费PDF全文

龚萱  陈棋福  彭志刚  王伟君  吴春泉  吴晶 《地球物理学报》2014,57(1):115-128

本文采用波形分析和β统计方法,基于首都圈地区数字测震台网和部分流动地震台的观测资料,对2010年2月27日M_w8.8智利大地震在北京房山岩体附近地区的动态触发活动进行了分析讨论.结果表明,在背景地震活动相对较弱的北京房山岩体附近,我们检测出至少5次小震活动事件在智利地震面波到达时发生.这些触发活动显著地改变了房山岩体地区这一地震活动相对平静地区的地震活动性,但是对北京地区地震活动性的影响并不明显.NKY地震台记录的智利地震触发活动的最大动态应力与之前的研究结果相比要小,约为7 kPa.这可能与房山岩体附近地区的背景地震在智利地震前一直较为平静有关.此外,相对有利的面波入射方向,以及在对蹠点上的前两组面波叠加的效应等因素综合作用,使得本研究能在约2万公里极远处观测到远震触发小震活动.然而,在随后的多次面波叠加期间并没有观测到明显的触发地震活动.在智利地震10 h前发生的琉球M_w7.0地震也未在房山地区触发相关的微震活动,这可能与它们引起的动态应力变化太过微弱有关.  相似文献   

Stress changes on major faults caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,May 12, 2008     

Bin Shan  Xiong Xiong  Yong Zheng  FaQi Diao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(5):593-601

On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Longmenshan fault system in Sichuan Province, China, collapsing buildings and killing tens of thousands people. As predicted, aftershocks may last for at least one year, and moreover, large aftershocks are likely to occur. Therefore, it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people as to avoid future disasters. It is demonstrated that the redistribution of stress induced by an earthquake should trigger successive seismic activity. Based on static stress triggering theory, we calculated the coseismic stress changes on major faults induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, with elastic dislocation theory and the multilayered crustal model. We also discuss the stress distribution and its significance for future seismic activity under the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake. It is shown that coulomb failure stress (CFS) increases obviously on the Daofu-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe Fault, the Maqu and Nanping segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, the Qingchuan Fault, southern segment of the Minjiang Fault, Pengxian-Guanxian Fault, Jiangyou-Guangyuan Fault, and Jiangyou-Guanxian Fault. The increased stress raises the probability of earthquake occurrence on these faults. Since these areas are highly populated, earthquake monitoring and early disaster alarm system are needed. CFS increases with a magnitude of 0.03–0.06 MPa on the Qingchuan Fault, which is close to the northern end of the rapture of Wenchuan earthquake. The occurrence of some strong aftershocks, including three events with magnitude higher than 5.0, indicates that the seismic activities have been triggered by the main shock. Aftershocks seem to migrate northwards. Since the CFS change on the Lueyang-Mianxian Fault located on the NEE of the Qingchuan Fault is rather small (±0.01 MPa), the migration of aftershocks might be terminated in the area near Hanzhong City. The CFS change on the western Qinling Fault is around 10 Pa, and the impact of static triggering can be neglected. The increment of CFS on the Pengxian-Guanxian Fault and Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault southwest to the main rupture is 0.005–0.015 MPa, which would facilitate earthquake triggering in these areas. Very few aftershocks in these areas indicate that the accumulated stress has not been released sufficiently. High seismic risk is predicated in these areas due to co-seismic CFS loading. The Wenchuan earthquake released the accumulated CFS on the Fubianhe Fault, the Huya Fault, the Ha’nan-Qingshanwan Fault, and the Diebu-Bailongjiang Fault. The decrement of CFS changes on the Longquanshan Fault east to Chengdu City is about 0.002 MPa. The seismic activity will be depressed by decrement of CFS on these faults. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX-SW-153), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40574011 and 40474028)  相似文献   

1973~1976年四川松潘强震序列的应力触发过程   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

朱航  闻学泽 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):994-1003

本文计算和研究了1973~1976年四川松潘4次强震组成的序列引起的库仑应力变化图像,分析了由该序列各次事件引起的近场应力变化及其与后续强震发生以及余震分布的关系,同时分析了该序列引起的远场应力变化与随后25年区域中-强地震活动的关系.结果显示：1973年8月11日松潘黄龙6.5级地震导致虎牙断裂带中段上库仑应力的显著增加并触发了1976年8月16日的7.2级地震;此后,又沿断层向南相继触发了1976年8月22日的6.7级地震和8月23日的7.2级地震.该序列的绝大多数余震主要发生在主震发震断层的近场库仑应力增加区.另外,在该强震序列发生后的25年中、在距该序列发震断层中部约200 km范围内,6次5.0~6.6级地震均发生在由该序列引起的远场、微量的库仑应力变化增加区中.  相似文献   

断-块模型中走滑型地震应力触发研究——以青藏高原北部几次强震为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王凯英 《地球物理学报》2009,52(7):1776-1781

从发震断层与活动块体的分布关系出发,以青藏高原北部地区几次强震为例,研究了介质非连续的断－块构造模型中地震永久位移造成的区域断层静库仑应力变化．研究表明,在断块构造模型中,走滑型为主的地震位错引起的区域断层库仑应力变化在地震破裂面以外随距离衰减很快,影响范围仅为几十公里,和余震分布尺度相当;对有地表破裂数据的1937年M7.5花石峡地震、1997年M7.5玛尼地震和2001年M7.8可可西里地震的模拟结果显示,先前地震的断层位移在后续地震断层面所造成的库仑应力甚微,预示了远距离地震之间的静应力触发效应不明显．  相似文献   

数字遥感技术在宣汉县天台乡滑坡研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨日红  王治华  贾韶辉  陆瑜瑜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(3):557-563

2004年9月5日,四川省宣汉县天台乡的义和村发生特大型滑坡灾害后,利用先进的数字遥感技术,结合地形图资料和野外所测的GPS控制点,制作出研究区滑坡前后的数字高程模型(DEM)。在获取滑坡前后高分辨率卫星数据的基本上,采用合理的图像处理技术,获得了滑坡前后正射影像图。从三维角度出发,利用人机交互解译滑坡,求取特征点,分别对各部分滑体的滑动方向和距离进行了定量计算,估算出其体积约为2 300 万m³。综合地质学、灾害学原理和地理信息技术等,科学分析了天台乡滑坡的形成条件,认为超强降雨和原斜坡前新修公路开挖是滑坡形成的主要诱发因素。  相似文献